JELAJAH GEOGRAFI ASIA JILID 2: ASIA TIMUR
Synopsis
Asia Timur adalah wilayah geografis di bagian timur benua Asia yang meliputi negara-negara seperti Tiongkok, Jepang, Korea Selatan, Korea Utara, Mongolia, dan Taiwan. Dengan populasi lebih dari 1,6 miliar jiwa, wilayah ini menjadi salah satu kawasan terpadat di dunia. Asia Timur berbatasan dengan Samudra Pasifik di timur, Asia Tengah di barat, Asia Utara di utara, dan Asia Tenggara di selatan. Wilayah ini dikenal dengan perpaduan yang unik antara warisan budaya yang kaya dan perkembangan modern yang pesat, menjadikannya kawasan strategis di bidang politik, ekonomi, dan budaya.
Secara ekonomi, Asia Timur merupakan salah satu pusat kekuatan global. Negara-negara seperti Tiongkok, Jepang, dan Korea Selatan memainkan peran penting dalam perdagangan dan teknologi dunia. Tiongkok adalah pusat manufaktur global, sementara Jepang adalah negara maju yang terkenal dengan industri otomotif dan elektroniknya. Korea Selatan, di sisi lain, memimpin inovasi teknologi melalui perusahaan seperti Samsung dan LG. Selain itu, kawasan ini juga menjadi pusat perdagangan dan investasi yang semakin terintegrasi melalui perjanjian ekonomi regional seperti RCEP.
Keberagaman budaya Asia Timur adalah salah satu daya tarik utamanya. Tiongkok adalah rumah bagi peradaban kuno dengan pengaruh besar dari Konfusianisme, Taoisme, dan Budha, sementara Jepang terkenal dengan tradisi seperti Samurai, Kabuki, dan Shinto. Korea menawarkan budaya unik seperti sistem tulisan Hangeul dan seni kuliner khas seperti kimchi. Selain budaya tradisional, kawasan ini juga menjadi pusat budaya populer modern, seperti K-pop, anime, dan drama Asia Timur, yang memiliki penggemar di seluruh dunia.
Geografis Asia Timur sangat beragam, mencakup pegunungan Himalaya, padang pasir Gobi, dan pulau-pulau vulkanik Jepang. Tiongkok memiliki berbagai lanskap, dari lembah subur Sungai Yangtze hingga Pegunungan Karakoram. Jepang, sebagai negara kepulauan, terdiri dari ribuan pulau dengan pemandangan alam seperti Gunung Fuji yang ikonik. Mongolia terkenal dengan padang rumput stepa yang luas, sementara Korea memiliki garis pantai yang panjang dan medan berbukit. Keanekaragaman geografis ini mendukung berbagai aktivitas ekonomi, termasuk pertanian, pertambangan, dan pariwisata.
Dinamika politik Asia Timur mencerminkan tantangan dan peluang yang unik. Semenanjung Korea sering menjadi pusat perhatian dunia karena ketegangan antara Korea Utara dan Korea Selatan. Selain itu, sengketa wilayah di Laut Tiongkok Selatan dan Laut Tiongkok Timur juga menjadi isu utama. Namun, di tengah konflik ini, kawasan ini juga menjadi contoh kerja sama regional yang berhasil, seperti melalui mekanisme ASEAN Plus Three dan inisiatif perdagangan antarnegara. Dengan sejarah panjang, kekuatan ekonomi yang dominan, dan pengaruh budaya yang besar, Asia Timur tetap menjadi kawasan strategis yang memainkan peran penting di dunia.
Asia Timur juga dikenal sebagai wilayah dengan fokus yang kuat pada pendidikan dan inovasi. Negara-negara di kawasan ini memiliki sistem pendidikan yang kompetitif dan sering kali menjadi model bagi negara lain. Jepang, Korea Selatan, dan Tiongkok memiliki institusi pendidikan yang masuk dalam peringkat terbaik dunia, seperti Universitas Tokyo, Universitas Tsinghua, dan Universitas Nasional Seoul. Tekanan untuk berprestasi di bidang akademik cukup tinggi, yang sering kali menghasilkan tenaga kerja yang sangat terampil dan mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi kawasan. Inovasi dalam teknologi dan penelitian juga menjadi prioritas utama, dengan anggaran besar yang dialokasikan untuk penelitian ilmiah.
Selain itu, keberagaman agama dan spiritualitas di Asia Timur memberikan pengaruh besar terhadap kehidupan masyarakatnya. Buddha adalah agama yang paling banyak dianut di kawasan ini, terutama di Tiongkok, Jepang, dan Korea. Namun, tradisi Shinto di Jepang dan Konfusianisme di Korea serta Tiongkok tetap memainkan peran penting dalam membentuk nilai-nilai sosial masyarakat.
Asia Timur juga memainkan peran penting dalam industri hiburan global. Selain K-pop yang mendunia, Jepang terkenal sebagai pusat anime, manga, dan film animasi, dengan karya dari studio seperti Studio Ghibli yang telah mendapatkan penghargaan internasional. Industri film Tiongkok juga berkembang pesat dengan karya yang mampu bersaing di kancah global. Selain itu, drama Korea dan Tiongkok memiliki audiens internasional yang luas, berkat platform streaming yang mempermudah akses global. Industri hiburan di Asia Timur bukan hanya menjadi alat budaya, tetapi juga salah satu sektor ekonomi yang memberikan kontribusi signifikan.
Perubahan iklim dan keberlanjutan lingkungan menjadi tantangan utama yang dihadapi Asia Timur. Urbanisasi yang cepat, terutama di Tiongkok dan Korea Selatan, sering kali membawa dampak negatif seperti polusi udara dan air. Namun, negara-negara di kawasan ini juga menjadi pemimpin dalam solusi ramah lingkungan. Jepang, misalnya, adalah pelopor dalam teknologi daur ulang dan energi bersih. Tiongkok telah menjadi produsen terbesar panel surya di dunia, sementara Korea Selatan berfokus pada pengembangan kota pintar dan teknologi ramah lingkungan. Mongolia juga mengambil langkah-langkah untuk melindungi padang rumputnya yang terancam oleh perubahan iklim.
Terakhir, peran strategis Asia Timur dalam geopolitik global tidak dapat diabaikan. Kawasan ini sering menjadi pusat perhatian karena hubungan diplomatik yang kompleks, terutama antara Tiongkok, Jepang, dan Korea Selatan.
References
Abd Razak, Anwar Rizziq, and Ireena Nasiha Ibnu. “The Influence of Manga and Anime on New Media Students’ Creative Development.” EDUCATUM Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. Special (May 24, 2022): 37–45. https://doi.org/10.37134/ejoss.vol8.sp.4.2022.
Al-Bqour, Nadine. “The Impact of World Heritage Site Designation on Local Communities- The Al-Salt City as a Predicted Case Study.” Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering 10, no. 4 (2020). https://doi.org/10.37421/jcde.2020.10.348.
Amarsaikhan, D., V. Battsengel, B. Nergui, M. Ganzorig, and G. Bolor. “A Study on Air Pollution in Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia.” Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 02, no. 02 (2014): 123–28. https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2014.22017.
Beaton, Randal D. “Editorial Note on Special Issue: Sarin Gas Attack on the Tokyo Subway System.” Traumatology 11, no. 2 (June 2005): 71–73. https://doi.org/10.1177/153476560501100202.
Callahan, William A. “Shanghai’s Alternative Futures: The World Expo, Citizen Intellectuals, and China’s New Civil Society.” China Information 26, no. 2 (July 17, 2012): 251–73. https://doi.org/10.1177/0920203X12442889.
Calloni, Marina. “Street Food on the Move: A Socio‐philosophical Approach.” Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 93, no. 14 (November 15, 2013): 3406–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6353.
Cang, Voltaire. “Japan’s Washoku as Intangible Heritage: The Role of National Food Traditions in UNESCO’s Cultural Heritage Scheme.” International Journal of Cultural Property 25, no. 4 (November 30, 2018): 491–513. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0940739118000267.
Chan, Wai Yin. “The Soft Power and Paradiplomacy of Hong Kong.” Asian Education and Development Studies 8, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 161–72. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-02-2018-0037.
Chang, Hsuan Hsuan, and Tsung‐Yu Lai. “THE TAIPEI MRT (MASS RAPID TRANSIT) TOURISM ATTRACTION ANALYSIS FROM THE INBOUND TOURISTS’ PERSPECTIVES.” Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 26, no. 5–6 (September 2009): 445–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548400903162964.
Charoenraj, Pornarun, Zolzaya Chinzorig, Dolgorsuren Adiya, Naiyana Aroonpruksakul, Khuanysh Ayatkhan, Oyun Bayarsaikhan, Odgerel Boldbaatar, et al. “Pediatric Anesthesia in Mongolia and Thailand.” Pediatric Anesthesia 34, no. 9 (September 17, 2024): 866–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/pan.14894.
Chau, Ruby C.M., and Sam W.K. Yu. “Marketisation and Residualisation – Recent Reforms in the Medical Financing System in Hong Kong.” Social Policy and Society 2, no. 3 (July 25, 2003): 199–207. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746403001222.
Chen, Feng, Ge Xue, Yeke Wang, Hucai Zhang, Peter D. Clift, Jun He, Jun Chen, and Ping Xie. “Evolution of the Yangtze River Reconstructed from the Largest Molecular Phylogeny of Cyprinidae,” June 7, 2021. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-145035/v2.
Chen, Yi, Jun Chen, Qin-Qin Yong, Tao-Hua Yuan, Qiu Wang, Mei-Jun Li, Sheng-Wei Long, and Xin-Xiang Bai. “Species Diversity and Geographical Distribution Patterns of Balsaminaceae in China.” Diversity 15, no. 9 (September 12, 2023): 1012. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15091012.
Cleff, Thomas, Christoph Grimpe, and Christian Rammer. “Identifying Lead Markets in the European Automotive Industry: An Indicator-Based Approach.” Industry and Innovation 22, no. 6 (August 18, 2015): 496–522. https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2015.1080047.
Collins‐Kreiner, Noga, and Nurit Kliot. “Why Do People Hike? Hiking the Israel National Trail.” Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie 108, no. 5 (October 27, 2017): 669–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12245.
Dickey, Parke A. “Who Discovered Mount Everest?” Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 66, no. 41 (October 8, 1985): 697–700. https://doi.org/10.1029/EO066i041p00697.
Ekka, Shail Vijeta, Yu-Hsuan Liang, Kuo-Fang Huang, and Der-Chuen Lee. “Molybdenum Isotopic Fingerprints in Taiwan Rivers: Natural versus Anthropogenic Sources.” Water 15, no. 10 (May 15, 2023): 1873. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15101873.
Fairlie, Robert W., and Aaron K. Chatterji. “High‐Technology Entrepreneurship in Silicon Valley.” Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 22, no. 2 (June 4, 2013): 365–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/jems.12015.
Faridz Nurul Mubarok, Meisya Bella Puspita, Nur Lisma, and Razmy Rakan Abdilla. “The Military and Political Parties in Indonesia: The Ups and Downs of the Military’s Political Role.” Social Impact Journal 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 183–90. https://doi.org/10.61391/sij.v1i2.20.
FUKASE, HITOSHI, TETSUAKI WAKEBE, TOSHIYUKI TSURUMOTO, KAZUNOBU SAIKI, MASAKI FUJITA, and HAJIME ISHIDA. “Facial Characteristics of the Prehistoric and Early-Modern Inhabitants of the Okinawa Islands in Comparison to the Contemporary People of Honshu.” Anthropological Science 120, no. 1 (2012): 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.110411.
G. TAKAHASHI, Hiroshi, Noriko N. ISHIZAKI, Hiroaki KAWASE, Masayuki HARA, Takao YOSHIKANE, Xieyao MA, and Fujio KIMURA. “Potential Impact of Sea Surface Temperature on Winter Precipitation over the Japan Sea Side of Japan: A Regional Climate Modeling Study.” Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II 91, no. 4 (2013): 471–88. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2013-404.
Gaebler, Peter, Lars Ceranna, Nima Nooshiri, Andreas Barth, Simone Cesca, Michaela Frei, Ilona Grünberg, et al. “A Multi-Technology Analysis of the 2017 North Korean Nuclear Test.” Solid Earth 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 59–78. https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-59-2019.
Gamaut, Ross. “China: New Engine of World Growth.” In China: New Engine of World Growth. ANU Press, 2012. https://doi.org/10.22459/CNEWG.12.2012.01.
Gao, Xiaotian, Hamedi Mohd Adnan, and Changsong Wang. “The Spectrum of Han: Cultural Psychology in Korean National Cinema.” Studies in Media and Communication 12, no. 1 (December 24, 2023): 268. https://doi.org/10.11114/smc.v12i1.6461.
Gligorijević, Živorad, Enes Ćorović, and Aleksandar Manasijević. “Structural Changes and Economic Growth of the Republic of Serbia: A Contribution to the Economic History of the Second Half of the 20th Century.” Ekonomika 66, no. 2 (2020): 37–48. https://doi.org/10.5937/ekonomika2002037G.
Holmes, Robert, and Eunice Hong. “Perceptions of Juche Ideology by Expats in North Korea: A Qualitative Study.” Missiology: An International Review 50, no. 4 (October 3, 2022): 362–73. https://doi.org/10.1177/00918296211064294.
Hoshiro, Hiroyuki. “Does Regionalization Promote Regionalism? Evidence from East Asia.” Journal of Contemporary East Asia Studies 8, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 199–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/24761028.2019.1693944.
Huang, Weishan. “Secularity and Urban Gentrification: An Spatial Analysis of Downtown Buddhist Temples in Shanghai.” Space and Culture 26, no. 2 (May 21, 2023): 229–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/12063312221134576.
Itaka, Shizu, Shigejiro Yoshida, Nobuya Mizoue, Tetsuji Ota, Atsushi Takashima, Tsuyoshi Kajisa, and Koh Yasue. “Estimation of Growth Rates Based on Tree-Ring Analysis of Cryptomeria Japonica on Yakushima Island, Japan.” Journal of Forest Planning 19, no. 1 (2013): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.20659/jfp.19.1_1.
IWATA, OH, and TAKASHI OGUCHI. “Factors Affecting Late Twentieth Century Land Use Patterns in Kamakura City, Japan.” Geographical Research 47, no. 2 (June 28, 2009): 175–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2008.00559.x.
J. Jacobs, A. “Ulsan, South Korea: A Global and Nested ‘Great’ Industrial City.” The Open Urban Studies Journal 4, no. 1 (December 30, 2011): 8–20. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874942901104010008.
Jaeger Klein, Caroline. “UNESCO World Heritage and Kosovo Towards a Tentative List for Kosovo.” International Journal of Business & Technology 5, no. 1 (November 1, 2016): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.33107/ijbte.2016.5.1.05.
Janeczko, Emilia, Joanna Pniewska, and Ernest Bielinis. “Forest Tourism and Recreation Management in the Polish Bieszczady Mountains in the Opinion of Tourist Guides.” Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 25, 2020): 7967. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12197967.
Jin, Dal Yong, and Kyong Yoon. “The Social Mediascape of Transnational Korean Pop Culture: Hallyu 2.0 as Spreadable Media Practice.” New Media & Society 18, no. 7 (August 16, 2016): 1277–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814554895.
Kim, A-Rom, and Jing Lu. “A Study on the Evaluation of Port Competitiveness in Busan Port and Shanghai Port.” OALib 03, no. 04 (2016): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1102623.
Kim, Changhee, Soo Kim, Hee Kang, and Seung-Min Song. “What Makes Urban Transportation Efficient? Evidence from Subway Transfer Stations in Korea.” Sustainability 9, no. 11 (November 9, 2017): 2054. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9112054.
Kim, Jihwan, Heejoon Choi, Wonhyeop Shin, Jiweon Yun, and Youngkeun Song. “Complex Spatiotemporal Changes in Land-Use and Ecosystem Services in the Jeju Island UNESCO Heritage and Biosphere Site (Republic of Korea).” Environmental Conservation 49, no. 4 (December 11, 2022): 272–79. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892922000285.
Kim, Jiyoung, and Eun Mee Kim. “Erosion of A Developmental State: A Case Study of South Korea’s Semiconductor Industry.” International Studies Review 7, no. 2 (October 8, 2006): 37–59. https://doi.org/10.1163/2667078X-00702003.
Kosciejew, Marc. “From North Korea With Love: Reviewing Pyongyang’s Arirang Mass Games.” Performance Philosophy 4, no. 1 (August 30, 2018): 234–50. https://doi.org/10.21476/PP.2018.41207.
Kulkarni, Amith A., Dhanush P, Chethan B.S, Thamme Gowda C.S, and Prashant Kumar Shrivastava. “Recent Development in Hybrid Electrical Vehicle.” Indian Journal of Science and Technology 12, no. 48 (December 20, 2019): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2019/v12i48/149388.
Kwak, Tae‐Hwan. “The Korean Peninsula Peace Regime: How to Build It.” Pacific Focus 24, no. 1 (April 25, 2009): 43–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1976-5118.2009.01016.x.
Lam, Johnny F. I., and Wai In Ieong. “Translanguaging and Multilingual Society of Macau: Past, Present and Future.” Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education 7, no. 1 (October 2, 2022): 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-022-00169-y.
Lau, Yui-yip, Ka-chai Tam, and Adolf K.Y. Ng. “Ferry Services and the Community Development of Peripheral Island Areas in Hong Kong: Evidence from Cheung Chau.” Island Studies Journal, 2022. https://doi.org/10.24043/isj.402.
Lee, Hanhee. “Analyzing the Political Survival Prospects of Kim Jong-Un’s North Korean Regime through the Framework of Selectorate Theory.” Japanese Journal of Political Science 19, no. 3 (September 17, 2018): 474–88. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1468109918000130.
Li, Xueyong. “A Novel Optimization Approach for Revolutionizing Architectural Design in Chinese Cultural Heritage.” Journal of Electrical Systems 20, no. 5s (April 13, 2024): 2383–94. https://doi.org/10.52783/jes.2671.
Lim, Doo Hun, and Daeyeon Cho. “Graduate HRD Programs in South Korea.” Advances in Developing Human Resources 17, no. 2 (May 26, 2015): 196–212. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422315572621.
Lingkai, Kong, Shu Runyang, Lu Hao, Xiong Qiaozhi, Wu Peng, and Xue Rui. “The Fleeting Possibility of Merging the World’s Largest Chip Manufacturer in 2017: The Pain of Chinese Chip Industry.” American Journal of Economics and Business Innovation 1, no. 3 (September 21, 2022): 24–35. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajebi.v1i3.561.
Liu, Matthew Tingchi, Shiying Dong, Sara Kit Peng Chang, and Francis Tan. “Macau Gambling Industry’s Quick V-Shape Rebound from 2014 to 2019.” Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 33, no. 2 (May 12, 2020): 449–73. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-08-2019-0489.
———. “Macau Gambling Industry’s Quick V-Shape Rebound from 2014 to 2019.” Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 33, no. 2 (May 12, 2020): 449–73. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-08-2019-0489.
Liu, Mingfeng, Hongsheng Zhang, Guanghui Lin, Hui Lin, and Danling Tang. “Zonation and Directional Dynamics of Mangrove Forests Derived from Time-Series Satellite Imagery in Mai Po, Hong Kong.” Sustainability 10, no. 6 (June 7, 2018): 1913. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061913.
Liu, Reng-Kui, Peng Xu, Zhuang-Zhi Sun, Ce Zou, and Quan-Xin Sun. “Establishment of Track Quality Index Standard Recommendations for Beijing Metro.” Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2015 (2015): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/473830.
Lkhagvasuren, Gavaachimed, Heejin Shin, Si Eun Lee, Dashtseveg Tumen, Jae-Hyun Kim, Kyung-Yong Kim, Kijeong Kim, et al. “Molecular Genealogy of a Mongol Queen’s Family and Her Possible Kinship with Genghis Khan.” PLOS ONE 11, no. 9 (September 14, 2016): e0161622. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161622.
Ma, Y., Y. Wang, R. Wu, Z. Hu, K. Yang, M. Li, W. Ma, et al. “Recent Advances on the Study of Atmosphere-Land Interaction Observations on the Tibetan Plateau.” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 7 (July 9, 2009): 1103–11. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-1103-2009.
Mayilvaganan, M., and Nasima Khatoon. “DPRK’S NUCLEAR CONUNDRUM AND THE U.S.-NORTH KOREA NEGOTIATIONS: A NEVER-ENDING SAGA.” International Journal of East Asian Studies 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 92–105. https://doi.org/10.22452/IJEAS.vol12no1.6.
Maynard, Nathaniel, Pierre-Alexandre Château, Lauriane Ribas-Deulofeu, and Je-Liang Liou. “Using Internet Surveys to Estimate Visitors’ Willingness to Pay for Coral Reef Conservation in the Kenting National Park, Taiwan.” Water 11, no. 7 (July 9, 2019): 1411. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11071411.
McFaul, Cole, Husanjot Chahal, Rebecca Gelles, and Margarita Konaev. “Assessing South Korea’s AI Ecosystem,” August 2023. https://doi.org/10.51593/20220038.
Morton, Brian. “Protecting Hong Kong’s Marine Biodiversity: Present Proposals, Future Challenges.” Environmental Conservation 23, no. 1 (March 15, 1996): 55–65. https://doi.org/10.1017/S037689290003825X.
NAKAGAWA, Satoshi. “Changing Segregation Patterns by Age Group in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area-From the Viewpoint of Migration with Cohort Analysis.” Geographical Review of Japan, Series B. 63, no. 1 (1990): 34–47. https://doi.org/10.4157/grj1984b.63.34.
Nishiyama, Takeshi, Hirohisa Kishino, Sadao Suzuki, Ryosuke Ando, Hideshi Niimura, Hirokazu Uemura, Mikako Horita, et al. “Detailed Analysis of Japanese Population Substructure with a Focus on the Southwest Islands of Japan.” PLoS ONE 7, no. 4 (April 3, 2012): e35000. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035000.
Otgonkhuu, Tsedev-Ish, Sandag Enkh-Amgalan, and Shugatai Amanguli. “Issues of Determining the Effects of Migration on Population Growth in Ulaanbaatar.” Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, November 30, 2023, 10–20. https://doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v63i03.3403.
Pan, Jianbin, Tao Tao, Tiantian Huang, Yuyang Tang, Nuo Xu, Zihan Li, Zihui Tang, and Xiaoyu Chen. “Garden on the Great Wall—A Sustainable Solution for the Plants on the Top Surface of the Great Wall Heritage Site.” Sustainability 16, no. 6 (March 14, 2024): 2418. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062418.
Pittari, A., S.L. Muir, and C.H. Hendy. “Lake-Floor Sediment Texture and Composition of a Hydrothermally-Active, Volcanic Lake, Lake Rotomahana.” Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 314 (March 2016): 169–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.02.025.
Poposki, Zoran, and Isaac Hok Bun Leung. “Hong Kong as a Global Art Hub: Art Ecology and Sustainability of Asia’s Art Market Centre.” Arts 11, no. 1 (February 7, 2022): 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/arts11010029.
Ragchaa, Galbadrakh, Temujin Enkhbat, and Enkhtor Lkhamsuren. “Arsenic and Heavy Metals Contamination of Soils Around Oyu Tolgoi and Tavan Tolgoi Mines, Located in The South Gobi Desert of Mongolia.” International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.23 (April 20, 2018): 260. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.23.11955.
Reshchikov, Alexey, Jin-Kyung Choi, and Jong-Wook Lee. “Four New Species of the Genus Lathrolestes Förster, 1869 from South Korea (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae).” ZooKeys 657 (February 17, 2017): 81–92. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.657.11630.
Saito, Kuniyoshi. “LIGHTHOUSE PROVISION IN PREMODERN JAPAN.” Economic Inquiry 57, no. 3 (July 25, 2019): 1582–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12793.
Schmäing, Till, and Norbert Grotjohann. “The Wadden Sea as a National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site: Students’ Word Associations with These Two Conservation Designations.” Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 8006. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13148006.
Schwekendiek, Daniel J., and Sijia Xu. “From Socialism to Consumerism: The Rise of Capitalist Values in North Korea.” International Journal of Asia Pacific Studies 16, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 123–50. https://doi.org/10.21315/ijaps2020.16.2.7.
Simpson, Tim. “Neoliberal Exception? The Liberalization of Macau’s Casino Gaming Monopoly and the Genealogy of the Post-Socialist Chinese Subject.” Planning Theory 17, no. 1 (February 24, 2018): 74–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095216672499.
SMETHURST, DAVID. “MOUNTAIN GEOGRAPHY.” Geographical Review 90, no. 1 (April 21, 2010): 35–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2000.tb00321.x.
Song, Ke, Hokkun Wan, and Qiaoran Jia. “A Backlash against the High‐speed Modernity of Gastronomy Tourism: An Analysis of the Evolution of Macanese Cuisine.” Asia Pacific Viewpoint 65, no. 2 (August 4, 2024): 171–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/apv.12412.
Sternberg, Troy, Henri Rueff, and Nick Middleton. “Contraction of the Gobi Desert, 2000–2012.” Remote Sensing 7, no. 2 (January 26, 2015): 1346–58. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70201346.
Stiefel, Barry Louis. “Rethinking and Revaluating UNESCO World Heritage Sites.” Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 8, no. 1 (February 6, 2018): 47–61. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCHMSD-02-2017-0006.
SULTAN, Beenish. “China’ s Role in BRICS & Relevance to GCC-China Relations: Complementarities & Conflicting Interests.” Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia) 10, no. 2 (June 17, 2016): 71–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/19370679.2016.12023283.
Summers, Tim. “The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region at 20.” Asian Education and Development Studies 7, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-07-2017-0069.
Tang, Haosu, Congyi Zheng, Xue Cao, Su Wang, Linfeng Zhang, Xin Wang, Zuo Chen, et al. “Blue Sky as a Protective Factor for Cardiovascular Disease.” Frontiers in Public Health 10 (October 14, 2022). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1016853.
Tat Shum, Terence Chun. “Culinary Diaspora Space: Food Culture and the West African Diaspora in Hong Kong.” Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 29, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 283–311. https://doi.org/10.1177/0117196820938603.
Thompson, Karen, and Catherine M. Matheson. “Culture, Authenticity and Sport: A Study of Event Motivations at the Ulaanbaatar Naadam Festival, Mongolia.” In Asian Tourism, 233–43. Elsevier, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-045356-9.50024-2.
Tsetsgee, Solongo, Akihiro Okuyama, Altansukh Ochir, Ariuntungalag Yunden, Enkhjin Odgerel, Taivanbat Batbold, Enkh-Uur Munkhsukd, et al. “Mo Contamination in Rivers near the Erdenet Mining Area, Mongolia: Field Evidence of High Mobility of Mo at PH >8.” ACS ES&T Water 1, no. 8 (August 13, 2021): 1686–94. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.1c00046.
Uno, Tadashi, Masaya Fujino, Atsushi Ohwaki, and Masahiro Horiuchi. “Prevalence of Falls on Mount Fuji and Associated with Risk Factors: A Questionnaire Survey Study.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (October 31, 2019): 4234. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214234.
Vo, Nancy. “What’s in a Memory? An Analysis of the Nanjing Massacre.” The Mirror - Undergraduate History Journal 44, no. 1 (April 10, 2024): 57–65. https://doi.org/10.5206/mirror.v44i1.16994.
Wang, Chia-Huang. “Is Taipei an Innovative City? An Institutionalist Analysis.” East Asia 24, no. 4 (December 10, 2007): 381–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12140-007-9018-8.
Wang, Y., S. Di Sabatino, A. Martilli, Y. Li, M. S. Wong, E. Gutiérrez, and P. W. Chan. “Impact of Land Surface Heterogeneity on Urban Heat Island Circulation and Sea‐land Breeze Circulation in Hong Kong.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 122, no. 8 (April 27, 2017): 4332–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026702.
Xiang, Yuhang. “A Study on the Development of Art Derivatives in Chinese Museums —Take the Beijing Palace Museum as an Example.” Asian Journal of Social Science Studies 7, no. 7 (August 1, 2022): 17. https://doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v7i7.1238.
XIAO, JULE, YOSHIO INOUCHI, HISAO KUMAI, SHUSAKU YOSHIKAWA, YOICHI KONDO, and KEIICHI TAKAHASHI. “Precipitation History of the Lake Biwa Area in Central Japan over the Last 145 Ka.” Boreas 33, no. 1 (February 28, 2004): 74–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2004.tb00997.x.
Yang, Huijuan, and Weiwei Liu. “Dual-Hub Connectivity: A Case Study on China Eastern Airlines in Shanghai.” European Transport Research Review 11, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12544-019-0364-6.
———. “Dual-Hub Connectivity: A Case Study on China Eastern Airlines in Shanghai.” European Transport Research Review 11, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12544-019-0364-6.
Zeng, Lingqin, and Hantian Wu. “Knowledge Production and Transmission of Higher Education Hubs in Emerging Asian Economies: A Preliminary Examination Using Hangzhou as an Example.” International Journal of Chinese Education 12, no. 3 (September 27, 2023). https://doi.org/10.1177/2212585X231203040.
Zeng, Nanjing, Guanhua Liu, Sibiao Wen, and Feiyun Tu. “New Bird Records and Bird Diversity of Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province, China.” Pakistan Journal of Zoology 50, no. 4 (May 2018). https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/2018.50.4.1285.1291.
Zhang, Hongyu, Weiqi Zhang, and Dmitry Zinoviev. “Deterrence or Coercion: Analyzing DPRK’s Nuclear Intentions with Its Propaganda Texts.” Journal of Asian and African Studies 59, no. 6 (September 7, 2024): 1783–1803. https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096221147003.
Zhang, Jue, Ping He, Xiaoping Hu, and Zhumei Liu. “Dynamic Lake Ice Movement on Lake Khovsgol, Mongolia, Revealed by Time Series Displacements from Pixel Offset with Sentinel-2 Optical Images.” Remote Sensing 13, no. 24 (December 8, 2021): 4979. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13244979.
ZHANG, Zejun, Shibin YUAN, Dunwu QI, and Mingchun ZHANG. “The Lushan Earthquake and the Giant Panda: Impacts and Conservation.” Integrative Zoology 9, no. 3 (June 23, 2014): 376–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12068.
Zhu, Dehuang, Chengzhen Wu, Hai Ren, and Dafeng Hui. “Building National Parks to Protect Key Ecosystems in China.” Biological Diversity 1, no. 3–4 (December 22, 2024): 193–98. https://doi.org/10.1002/bod2.12029.
